And particularly in this instance, the South Sudanese combatant abuses have been overlooked for years and years, because they were the good guys [in the long civil war against northern Sudan forces]. The next challenge to the UN is if it is to have any sort of stepped-up political, administrative role, is it actually capable of doing it? The National Culture Policy is a timely and vital policy for peace-building and for the sustainable development of the Republic of South Sudan. Share these resources with your students to examine various conflicts around the world and instances of different communities working together successfully. Students summaries should include: This activity targets the following skills: The resources are also available at the top of the page. Under the threat of international sanctions and following several rounds of negotiations supported by the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), Kiir signed a peace agreement with Machar in August 2015. The outflow of millions of refugees has placed a strain on neighboring countries. Ironworkers were a despised class not allowed to intermarry with ordinary Fur. The Sudanese culture has also evolved over centuries of social and political changes. And, although improved communications, increased social and economic mobility, and the spread of a money economy have led to a general loosening of the social ties, customs, relationships, and modes of organization in traditional cultures, much from the past still remains intact. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. While women and girls in Sudan already face challenges due to their gender, these challenges become more pronounced when they are living in displacement camps as a result of violence in their communities. Tribalism is the state of being organized and advocating for a tribe. Civil war along ethnic lines broke out in December 2013, following President Salva Kiirs accusations that former Vice President Riek Machar was plotting a coup dtat. Washington, DC 20036, Careers| Newsroom| Popular music, hip hop, Southern Sudanese modern music, and modern tribal music are popular among the Sudanese youth today, especially in the urban areas. John Dau, a former "Lost Boy," works to help others in his immigrant community as well as at home in South Sudan. In July 2014, the UN Security Council declared South Sudans food crisis the worst in the world. Famine was declared in South Sudan during the first few months of 2017, with nearly five million people at risk from food insecurity. Power among the Humr Baqqrah stemmed from wealth and strength of personality. WASH committees are important because they ensure regular maintenance and orderly use of the access points. In 2017 and 2018, a series of cease-fires were negotiated and subsequently violated between the two sides and other factions. The latter has a religious overtone and are usually related to praising Muhammad. Tell students that the Lost Boys have settled in eighteen states in the United States, including: Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Illinois, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, North Carolina, New York, Pennsylvania, Texas, Utah, Virginia, and Washington. Have students complete it independently. Have a whole-class discussion to have students make media-to-self connections.Ask: 5. By the end of December 2013, civil unrest was reported in most regions of South Sudan, and thousands had fled their homes to seek shelter in UN-based compounds. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. Patrilineal descent was important in determining the social identity of a person, inheritance, and rights and duties concerning marriage and bridewealth (gifts from the groom and his kinsmen to the father of the bride and his kinsmen). Now, it would be rather nave to believe that the same parties would resume the same war without committing the same crimes. Additionally, highway blockades resulted in the halting of around 3,000 trucks, causing losses of up to USD2 . Preferred marriage within the surra was with a parallel cousin. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. Each surra had a leader who was wealthy but who had no administrative functions unless he was already a member of the local government. Al-Bashir seized power in a military coup in 1989. The economic problems brought Sudanese from all walks of life to the streets, but the organisation of demonstrations was taken on by the Sudanese Professionals Association (SPA) - a collaboration of doctors, health workers and lawyers. This was a middle-income country with a lot of money. Sudan has a low but improving literacy rate. person who moves to a new country or region. by Lindsay Maizland Then use the provided answer key to discuss students' answers.4. Then ask students to write a brief summary describing who the Lost Boys are and what they experienced. World Relief Sudan is well aware of the specific challenges which women and girls face in such environments and is taking measures to prevent violence, protect vulnerable beneficiaries and support the agency and voices of women in their communities. When women are on these committees, they can better emphasize the protection of women and children at water access points. Since December 2018, daily street protests have taken place across the Republic of Sudan. The significant residential and herding unit was the camp, the composition of which changed with the seasons. South Sudan, a landlocked country in northeast Africa, is the youngest nation in the world. Terms of Service| Education made little headway among the Humr Baqqrah because it came into conflict with their way of life; people were reluctant to send their children to schools because livestock and cattle herding would suffer. The Lost Boys of Sudan are a group of Dinka youth who fled civil war in their native country, spent a decade growing up in a Kenyan refugee camp, and were eventually resettled in the United States. What this meant was that the actual mechanisms for the political management of South Sudan collapsed. Introduce and watch three excerpts from God Grew Tired of Us.Tell students that they will watch three excerpts from God Grew Tired of Us. Contact Us. Civil war along ethnic . This lists the logos of programs or partners of. Soldiers from the Dinka ethnic group aligned with Kiir and those from the Nuer ethnic group supported Machar. There is usually a significant age difference between the bride and groom. Video, 00:17:58Sudans livestream massacre, Rape and the revolution: 'They were crying and screaming', Human error to blame for train crash - Greek PM, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece. U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry has warned South Sudans leaders to carry out the terms of the peace deal or face sanctions and a loss of U.S. aid. In reaction to overwhelming violence against civilians in the civil war, the UN peacekeeping mission in the country (UNMISS) established large-scale camps meant to protect civilians from ongoing violence. Men and women usually live their separate lives where they socialize with members of the same sex. community of people scattered from their homeland. And then, inevitably, the conflict became primarily Nuer versus Dinka [the predominant ethnic group supporting President Kiir], though if you look at any particular locality you will find that its not that simplethat there are some Nuer groups and some members of the Nuer elite that, for whatever reason, have brought their communities onto the government side. human imprint on the physical environment. But the root of this war was not ethnic strife, says expert Alex de Waal in an interview. transportation of people to a new residential area, usually following a natural or man-made disaster. After its independence in 2011, how did South Sudan so suddenly fall into a political crisis? Students learn where the Lost Boys are from and how they got their name. January 31, 2022, How Tobacco Laws Could Help Close the Racial Gap on Cancer, Interactive Second, that funds would be there to make it materially worthwhile for them to participate in a power-sharing agreementbut the country has actually gone off the macro-economic cliff and into meltdown. Locally, there was a descending hierarchy of hereditary fief stewards, village heads, and, lastly, heads of households. Elections to be held at the end of that period, A sovereign council, cabinet and legislative body will be formed, A general will head the council for the first 21 months, a civilian for the remaining 18, Sovereign council will have 11 members (5 civilian and 5 military nominees plus one agreed by consensus), A prime minister, nominated by the pro-democracy movement, will head the cabinet, The ministers of defence and interior will be chosen by the military, The other positions will be taken by pro-democracy candidates, Sovereign council and cabinet members barred from running for election. She is passionate about equity and honor for underrepresented groups, both locally and internationally. Sudan experienced its second unrest in two years on October 25 after the armed forces seized power and dissolved the joint civilian-military Sovereign Council that was supposed to transfer power to civilian control by sometime next month. Interview by Join our community of educators and receive the latest information on National Geographic's resources for you and your students. September 14, 2016 11:45 am (EST) Five years after gaining independence, South Sudan is gripped by a civil war that has killed an estimated 50,000 and displaced 1.6 million. The seven-member Transitional Military Council (TMC) is led by Lt-Gen Abdel Fattah Abdelrahman Burhan. Distribute the worksheet and have students complete it.Distribute copies of the worksheet The Lost Boys Cultural Identity. And the specific reason why it did so in South Sudan was both the legacy of previous conflict, where groups had been organized on an ethnic basis. Students learn where the Lost Boys are from and how they got their name. Code of Ethics| The tribe was divided into two sections, each of which was divided into a further five sections, each comprising major lineages, camps, and extended families. Sudan is a Northeast African country with varied geography featuring deserts, mountains, sea coasts, and more. South Sudans President Salva Kiir (L), Sudans President Omar al-Bashir (2L), Somalias President Mohammad Abdullahi Mohammad (R), and Egypts Prime Minister Mostafa Madbouli (2R) look on after offering flowers at John Garang Mausoleum during a peace ceremony in Juba, South Sudan on October 31, 2018. South Sudans civil war is the result of a weakly institutionalized state and may require the African Unions intervention to find peace and stability, says expert Alex de Waal. Barrie novel Peter Pan who formed a family and took care of each other in Never-Never Land. They discuss the challenges the Lost Boys faced while adapting to life in the United States and trying to maintain their cultural identities. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. This would require a type of dedicated administration and political leadership that we havent seen from the UN in South Sudan over the last few years. Have a whole-class discussion about the hazards and physical challenges of the routes, including drought, wildlife, and food sources. Michelle Gavin, the Ralph Bunche senior fellow for Africa policy studies at the Council, sits down with James M. Lindsay to discuss the impact of climate change in the Horn of Africa. Defying Sudan's generals: 'They cannot kill us all' Disruptions to the internet had left some people unaware of the two-day civil disobedience action but teachers turned out to protest near the . Prior to the outbreak of the civil war in 2013, the United States supported and advocated for the Sudan Peoples Liberation Movement (SPLM), which became the new countrys government. Then discuss the historical, cultural, and geographic factors that contributed to Sudans civil war and some of the consequences the civil warwhich lasted over twenty yearshad on Sudan and its peoples, including orphaned children, violence, famine, and disease. 1145 17th Street NW He could call upon the [ethnic] Nuer militia and the so-called White Army to mobilize almost overnight, because thats what theyve done for some twenty years. National Council for Social Studies Curriculum Standards, Activity 2: Mapping the Migration of the Lost Boys, Activity 3: Cultural Identity of the Lost Boys. What has the international response to the crisis been? A. J. Whiteman, THE GEOLOGY OF THE SUDAN REPUBLIC, (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1971) xiv, 290 pp., $25.75. The following discussion of three of those cultures merely suggests some rather prominent cultural patterns that are illustrative of the wide range present. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. Football is the most popular spectator sport in Sudan. Clan members were scattered in different localities; the basic political unit was the hill community, whose members shared a tract of land and a common code of morality. Polygyny and leviratic marriages were practiced, and bridewealth payments established wider contact between social groups. The other key provision in the Constitutive Act is for forcible intervention in the case of genocide, crimes against humanity, or war crimes. person who flees their home, usually due to natural disaster or political upheaval. When the military took power in April, demonstrators stayed put outside its headquarters and insisted that it transfer authority to a civilian administration. What cultural aspects of Sudan contribute to civil unrest? Basketball, volleyball, handball are other popular games played in the country. In response, the government equipped and supported Arab militiaswhich came to be known as Janjaweed (also . A video of a young woman standing on the roof of a car and leading the chants was widely shared on social media. Most South Sudanese people share a cultural connection based on their common practice of Christianity, and the experience of struggle and liberation from North Sudan. The geographical variations in the country have given birth to regional cultural differences. Sustainability Policy| Tell students that they will see an excerpt, called "From Sudan to the United States." Sudanese society is patriarchal in nature. October 21, 2022, Tracker The African Union has the legal mechanisms required to intervene very forcefully in South Sudan.. Program. 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